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French grammar is the grammar of the French language, which in many respects is quite similar to that of the other Romance languages. French is a moderately inflected language. Nouns and most pronouns are inflected for number (singular or plural, though in most nouns the plural is pronounced the same as the singular even if spelled differently); adjectives, for number and gender (masculine or feminine) of their nouns; personal pronouns and a few other pronouns, for person, number, gender, and case; and verbs, for tense, aspect, mood, and the person and number of their subjects. Case is primarily marked using word order and prepositions, while certain verb features are marked using auxiliary verbs. ==Verbs== (詳細はmood (indicative, imperative, subjunctive, conditional,〔In some of its uses, the conditional acts as a tense of the indicative mood; in other uses, including the use from which it takes its name, it acts as a distinct mood.〕 infinitive, participle, or gerundive〔The gerundive mood, the perfect, and the passive and reflexive voices are not synthetic but analytic; that is, they are expressed using multi-word verb forms.〕) * a tense (past, present, or future, though not all tenses can be combined with all moods) * an aspect (perfective or imperfective) * a voice (active, passive,〔 or reflexive〔) Some of these features are combined into seven tense–aspect–mood combinations. The simple (one-word) forms are commonly referred to as the present, the simple past or preterite〔The preterite and imperfect are sometimes called, somewhat redundantly, the ''preterite past'' and ''imperfect past''. The preterite is also called the ''simple past'', a translation of its French name (''le passé simple'').〕 (past tense, perfective aspect), the imperfect〔 (past tense, imperfective aspect), the future, the conditional,〔 the present subjunctive, and the imperfect subjunctive. However, the simple past is rarely used in informal French, and the imperfect subjunctive is rarely used in modern French at all. Verbs in the finite moods (indicative, imperative, subjunctive, and conditional) are also conjugated to agree with their subjects in person (first, second, or third) and number (singular or plural). As in English, the subject must be included (except in the imperative mood); in other words, unlike other Romance languages, French is neither a null-subject language nor a pronoun-dropping language. Auxiliary verbs are combined with past participles of main verbs to produce compound tenses, including the compound past ''(passé composé)''. For most main verbs the auxiliary is (the appropriate form of) ''avoir'' ("to have"), but for reflexive verbs and certain intransitive verbs the auxiliary is a form of ''être'' ("to be"). The participle agrees with the subject when the auxiliary is ''être'', and with a preceding direct object (if any) when the auxiliary is ''avoir''. Forms of ''être'' are also used with the past participles of transitive verbs to form the passive voice. The imperative mood, which only has first person plural and second person singular/plural forms, usually has forms similar or identical to the corresponding ones in the present indicative. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「French grammar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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